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Admiral Lazarev-class monitor
The ''Admiral Lazarev'' class was a pair of monitors built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1860s, which designated them as armored turret frigates. Four ships were ordered, but the last two were significantly modified during construction and became the separate . The sister ships were assigned to the Baltic Fleet upon completion and remained there for their entire careers. Aside from one accidental collision, their careers were uneventful. They were reclassified as coast-defense ironclads in 1892 before they became training ships later that decade. The ''Admiral Lazarev''s were stricken from the Navy List in 1907 and 1909; both were sold for scrap in 1912.
==Design and description==
By late 1863, the Russian Admiralty Board had begun planning for the second generation of ironclads to succeed those ships then under construction. They ordered eight ships, two fully rigged seagoing types and six coastal defense ships, in March 1864. The British shipbuilder Charles Mitchell submitted four different designs for the coastal defense vessels, two broadside ironclads and two turret ships. The Shipbuilding Technical Committee decided in August that the broadside designs would be based on the hull shape of the earlier for better seaworthiness, but they would be armed with fewer, but more powerful guns, than the numerous smoothbore guns of the older ships. Two variants were worked out that differed in the fineness of the hull and draft.〔McLaughlin, p. 112〕
In November 1864 the committee decided to revise the designs to use three gun turrets, each armed with a pair of massive American-designed Rodman guns, although the armament was changed to rifled muzzle-loading guns two months later. On 24 May 1865, ''Admiral Lazarev'' and ''Admiral Grieg'' were ordered to the deeper-draft version of the two designs, while ''Admiral Chicagov'' and ''Admiral Spiridov'' used the shallower-draft version. Construction of the ships was repeatedly delayed by design changes and delayed deliveries of components. Both of the most significant design changes were related to the armor protection. Shortly after they were ordered the Admiralty Board realized that the specified armor would be outclassed by the latest rifled gun and decided that the existing armor would be reinforced by an additional armor plate and additional wooden backing inside the existing armor. The additional weight was offset by increasing the height of the hull by which also deepened the ships' draft. The second change occurred after new rifled guns were able to penetrate a replica of the armor scheme in June 1866. The Admiralty Board decided to significantly thicken the armor of all four ships and remove one gun turret to compensate for the weight of the extra armor in November, but ''Admiral Lazarev'' and ''Admiral Grieg'' were too far advanced to make the change and only the other two ships were modified.〔McLaughlin, pp. 113–14〕
The ''Admiral Lazarev''-class monitors were significantly larger than their predecessors, the , and had an overall length of , a beam of and a maximum draft of . The ships were designed to displace , but turned out to be overweight and actually displaced . They were fitted with a plough-shaped ram. The ''Admiral Lazarev''s had a double bottom and their hulls were subdivided by six main watertight bulkheads. Their crew consisted of 269–74 officers and crewmen.〔McLaughlin, pp. 115–16〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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